Table of Contents

Introduction

v

Audience

v

Organization

v

SPSS Versions

vi

Availability of SPSS

vi

New to This Edition

vi

Conventions

vii

Screenshots

vii

Practice Exercises

vii

Acknowledgments

vii

Chapter 1

Getting Started

1

1.1

Starting SPSS

1

1.2

Entering Data

1

1.3

Defining Variables

2

1.4

Loading and Saving Data Files

6

1.5

Running Your First Analysis

7

1.6

Examining and Printing Output Files

8

1.7

Modifying Data Files

9

Chapter 2

Entering and Modifying Data

13

2.1

Variables and Data Representation

13

2.2

Transformation and Selection of Data

14

Chapter 3

Descriptive Statistics

19

3.1

Frequency Distributions and Percentile Ranks for a Single Variable

19

3.2

Frequency Distributions and Percentile Ranks for Multiple Variables

22

3.3

Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion for a Single Group

24

3.4

Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion for Multiple Groups

26

3.5

Standard Scores

29

Chapter 4

Graphing Data

33

4.1

Graphing Basics

33

4.2

Bar Charts, Pie Charts, and Histograms

33

4.3

The SPSS Chart Builder

37

4.4

Scatterplots

38

4.5

Advanced Bar Charts

41

4.6

Editing SPSS Graphs

44

Chapter 5

Prediction and Association

45

5.1

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

45

5.2

Spearman Correlation Coefficient

47

5.3

Simple Linear Regression

50

5.4

Multiple Linear Regression

53

Chapter 6

Parametric Inferential Statistics

57

6.1

Review of Basic Hypothesis Testing

57

6.2

Single-Sample t Test

59

6.3

The Independent-Samples t Test

62

6.4

Paired-Samples t Test

65

6.5

One-Way ANOVA

69

6.6

Factorial ANOVA

74

6.7

Repeated Measures ANOVA

77

6.8

Mixed-Design ANOVA

81

6.9

Analysis of Covariance

85

6.10

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

87

Chapter 7

Nonparametric Inferential Statistics

93

7.1

Chi-Square Goodness of Fit

93

7.2

Chi-Square Test of Independence

98

7.3

Mann-Whitney U Test

101

7.4

Wilcoxon Test

105

7.5

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

108

7.6

Friedman Test

113

Chapter 8

Test Construction

117

8.1

Item-Total Analysis

117

8.2

Cronbach’s Alpha

118

8.3

Test-Retest Reliability

119

8.4

120

Appendix A

Effect Size

121

Appendix B

Practice Exercise Data Sets

127

Practice Data Set 1

127

Practice Data Set 2

128

Practice Data Set 3

128

Appendix C

Glossary

131

Appendix D

Sample Data Files Used in Text

135

COINS.SAV

135

GRADES.SAV

136

HEIGHT.SAV

137

QUESTIONS.SAV

138

RACE.SAV

139

SAMPLE.SAV

140

SAT.SAV

141

Overview